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Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, growing rent debt and the possibility of widespread evictions have been a major worry for many households and for the economy as a whole. Renters are more likely to work in the sorts of lower-wage occupations that have been most disrupted by the pandemic, like retail and hospitality, and less likely to have savings or other assets to help them weather hard times. These factors have made it harder for renters to keep up with their payments, and in turn, many landlords—especially smaller-scale property owners—are struggling to make up income and cover payments to lenders.
To stave off economic disruption from these conditions, policymakers identified financial support for renters as a need early in the COVID-19 pandemic. The federal government established eviction moratoriums to protect renters and appropriated nearly $50 billion in emergency rental assistance to help renters make payments, and many states and local governments supplemented these efforts as well. But the Supreme Court struck down an eviction moratorium in August 2021, and after a slow start, states are now rapidly spending down their share of the federal rental assistance programs.
The picture for renters has improved somewhat over the course of the pandemic, but many renters are still struggling, according to data from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey. The percentage of renters who reported being behind on their payments increased substantially in the first few months of the pandemic as early COVID-19 lockdowns temporarily shuttered many businesses and eliminated millions of jobs. After spiking at 21.4% in July of 2020, this share began to drop as lockdowns eased, but rose again with a major wave of cases late in 2020 that once again hobbled many parts of the economy. In 2021, a decline in cases early in the year, the availability of vaccines, and overall improvement in the economy kept the share of renters behind on rent below 16% for much of the year.
But as with many aspects of the economy during the pandemic, the downstream impacts of things like business closures, layoffs, and a lack of child care were more likely to affect certain socioeconomic and demographic groups. In part, because job loss during COVID was more heavily concentrated among low-wage workers, so too was trouble paying bills, buying food, and making rent. According to data from the Census Bureau, the likelihood of being behind on rent drops substantially with each higher level of education. Of those with less than a high school diploma, an average of 22.2% were behind on their rent during the same time period. That figure declines to 18.1% for high school graduates or GED holders, 14.4% for those with some college, and just 7.6% for those with a bachelor’s degree or higher.
Similarly, many of the states with a higher percentage of renters who reported being behind on payments are those with lower household incomes or higher poverty rates. However, some locations with relatively high incomes, like New York and Rhode Island, also rank highly in the share of residents behind on rent due to their higher cost of living. And in these areas, struggles to afford rent fall disproportionately on certain populations, such as renters with children.
The data used in this analysis is from the U.S. Census Bureau. To determine the states with the most people behind on rent, researchers at Stessa calculated the percentage of renters who reported being behind on their payments during the second half of 2021. In the event of a tie, the location with the higher percentage of renters with kids behind on their payment was ranked higher. All statistics reported are weekly averages from July–December of 2021.
Here are the states with the most people behind on their rent.
States With the Most People Behind on Rent
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15. Florida
- Percentage of renters behind on their payment: 17.0%
- Percentage of renters with kids behind on their payment: 22.7%
- Percentage of minority renters behind on their payment: 22.0%
- Total renters behind on their payment: 599,946
- Median household income: $61,736
- Poverty rate: 12.3%
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14. Texas
- Percentage of renters behind on their payment: 17.0%
- Percentage of renters with kids behind on their payment: 23.0%
- Percentage of minority renters behind on their payment: 19.9%
- Total renters behind on their payment: 806,509
- Median household income: $66,031
- Poverty rate: 13.5%
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13. Maryland
- Percentage of renters behind on their payment: 17.2%
- Percentage of renters with kids behind on their payment: 22.1%
- Percentage of minority renters behind on their payment: 21.7%
- Total renters behind on their payment: 157,018
- Median household income: $88,742
- Poverty rate: 8.8%
Photo Credit: Sean Pavone / Shutterstock
12. New Jersey
- Percentage of renters behind on their payment: 17.2%
- Percentage of renters with kids behind on their payment: 22.6%
- Percentage of minority renters behind on their payment: 21.7%
- Total renters behind on their payment: 226,056
- Median household income: $87,016
- Poverty rate: 9.5%
Photo Credit: Sean Pavone / Shutterstock
11. Connecticut
- Percentage of renters behind on their payment: 17.2%
- Percentage of renters with kids behind on their payment: 22.9%
- Percentage of minority renters behind on their payment: 26.6%
- Total renters behind on their payment: 85,355
- Median household income: $79,719
- Poverty rate: 9.8%
Photo Credit: Sean Pavone / Shutterstock
10. Kentucky
- Percentage of renters behind on their payment: 17.5%
- Percentage of renters with kids behind on their payment: 22.7%
- Percentage of minority renters behind on their payment: 24.2%
- Total renters behind on their payment: 104,645
- Median household income: $54,191
- Poverty rate: 14.8%
Photo Credit: Sean Pavone / Shutterstock
9. Oklahoma
- Percentage of renters behind on their payment: 17.7%
- Percentage of renters with kids behind on their payment: 22.9%
- Percentage of minority renters behind on their payment: 23.4%
- Total renters behind on their payment: 104,246
- Median household income: $54,536
- Poverty rate: 14.4%
Photo Credit: Sean Pavone / Shutterstock
8. New Mexico
- Percentage of renters behind on their payment: 17.8%
- Percentage of renters with kids behind on their payment: 25.4%
- Percentage of minority renters behind on their payment: 22.5%
- Total renters behind on their payment: 56,700
- Median household income: $52,059
- Poverty rate: 17.8%
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7. Rhode Island
- Percentage of renters behind on their payment: 17.9%
- Percentage of renters with kids behind on their payment: 23.6%
- Percentage of minority renters behind on their payment: 30.4%
- Total renters behind on their payment: 34,061
- Median household income: $75,682
- Poverty rate: 9.7%
Photo Credit: Sean Pavone / Shutterstock
6. Alabama
- Percentage of renters behind on their payment: 18.9%
- Percentage of renters with kids behind on their payment: 27.7%
- Percentage of minority renters behind on their payment: 24.3%
- Total renters behind on their payment: 117,614
- Median household income: $53,956
- Poverty rate: 14.7%
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5. Georgia
- Percentage of renters behind on their payment: 21.2%
- Percentage of renters with kids behind on their payment: 30.3%
- Percentage of minority renters behind on their payment: 25.5%
- Total renters behind on their payment: 349,304
- Median household income: $62,844
- Poverty rate: 13.9%
Photo Credit: Sean Pavone / Shutterstock
4. Mississippi
- Percentage of renters behind on their payment: 21.9%
- Percentage of renters with kids behind on their payment: 26.3%
- Percentage of minority renters behind on their payment: 26.9%
- Total renters behind on their payment: 79,100
- Median household income: $47,247
- Poverty rate: 18.8%
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3. New York
- Percentage of renters behind on their payment: 22.0%
- Percentage of renters with kids behind on their payment: 28.1%
- Percentage of minority renters behind on their payment: 30.1%
- Total renters behind on their payment: 877,503
- Median household income: $73,398
- Poverty rate: 12.7%
Photo Credit: Sean Pavone / Shutterstock
2. South Carolina
- Percentage of renters behind on their payment: 22.0%
- Percentage of renters with kids behind on their payment: 29.8%
- Percentage of minority renters behind on their payment: 27.1%
- Total renters behind on their payment: 132,982
- Median household income: $56,973
- Poverty rate: 14.0%
Photo Credit: f11photo / Shutterstock
1. Louisiana
- Percentage of renters behind on their payment: 22.1%
- Percentage of renters with kids behind on their payment: 31.3%
- Percentage of minority renters behind on their payment: 29.2%
- Total renters behind on their payment: 138,185
- Median household income: $51,730
- Poverty rate: 17.8%
Detailed Findings & Methodology
The data used in this analysis is from the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2020 American Community Survey and the U.S. Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey. To determine the states with the most people behind on their rent, researchers calculated the percentage of renters who reported being behind on their payments during the second half of 2021. In the event of a tie, the location with the higher percentage of renters with kids behind on their payment was ranked higher. All statistics shown are weekly averages from July–December of 2021. As such, these statistics represent the number of people behind on rent at any given time, not the cumulative number of people who fell behind on their payments over the entire survey period.
